![]() ![]() The contemporary scientific and technological progress builds on the accomplishments of classical mechanics from the 19th century when the so-called 'European scientific method and values' were accepted practically by the whole educated world. ![]() It was clear that empirical claims cannot be verified to be universally true.` Thus, as initially stated, the verifiability criterion made universal statements meaningless, and even made statements beyond empiricism for technological but not conceptual reasons meaningless, which would pose significant problems for science. However after the Second World War's close in 1945, key tenets of logical positivism, including its atomistic philosophy of science and the verifiability principle drew escalated criticism. They supported forms of Materialism, Naturalism and Empiricism, and, in particular, they strongly supported the verifiability criterion of meaning (Verificationism), the doctrine that a proposition is only cognitively meaningful if it can be definitively and conclusively determined to be either true or false. Most early Logical Positivists asserted that all knowledge is based on logical inference from simple "sentences" grounded in observable facts. ![]() Since antiquity the idea that natural science rests importantly on experience has been non-controversial. ![]()
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